Current consensus classification of extant Lycopodiophyta (lycopods) and Polypodiophyta (ferns)

Numbers in parentheses after families correspond to estimated numbers of genera and species (genera/species). Currently accepted genera are listed; for a full synonymy of genera see Christenhusz et al. (2011). Estimated species numbers for some of the larger genera are also provided. Sori of all major lineages are illustrated in Fig. 4.

[lycopods; 3 families, 5 genera, approx. 1300 species]

 Lycopodiidae Bek.

  Lycopodiales DC.

   Lycopodiaceae P.Beauv.1 (3/approx. 400)

    (Huperzia Bernh., Lycopodiella Holub, Lycopodium L.)

  Selaginellales Prantl

   Selaginellaceae Willk. (1/approx. 750)

    (Selaginella P.Beauv.)

  Isoëtales Prantl

   Isoëtaceae Reichenb. (1/approx. 140)

    (Isoëtes L.)

[ferns; 21 families, approx. 212 genera, approx. 10 535 species]

 Equisetidae Warm.

  Equisetales DC.

   Equisetaceae Michx. (1/20)

    (Equisetum L.)

 Ophioglossidae Klinge

  Ophioglossales Link

   Ophioglossaceae Martinov2 (4/approx. 80)

    (Botrychium Sw., Helminthostachys Kaulf.,

    Mankyua B.Y.Sun, M.H.Kim & C.H.Kim, Ophioglossum L.)

  Psilotales Prantl

   Psilotaceae J.W.Griff. & Henfr. (2/12)

    (Psilotum Sw., Tmesipteris Bernh.)

 Marattiidae Klinge

  Marattiales Link

   Marattiaceae Kaulf.3 (6/approx. 130)

   subfamily Danaeoideae J.Williams

    (Danaea Sm.).

   subfamily Marattioideae C.Presl

    (Angiopteris Hoffm., Christensenia Maxon, Eupodium J.Sm., Marattia Sw.,

    Ptisana Murdock)

 Polypodiidae Cronquist, Takht. & Zimmerm.

  Osmundales Link

   Osmundaceae Martinov4 (4/approx. 25)

    (Leptopteris C.Presl, Osmundastrum C.Presl, Osmunda L., Todea Willd.)

  Hymenophyllales A.B.Frank

   Hymenophyllaceae Mart.5 (2/approx. 650)

    (Hymenophyllum Sm., Trichomanes L.)

  Gleicheniales Schimp.

   Gleicheniaceae C.Presl (6/approx. 165)

    [Dicranopteris Bernh., Diplopterygium (Diels) Nakai, Gleichenella Ching,

    Gleichenia Sm., Sticherus C.Presl, Stromatopteris Mett.]

   Dipteridaceae Seward & E.Dale (2/9)

    (Cheiropleuria C.Presl, Dipteris Reinw.)

   Matoniaceae C.Presl (2/4)

    (Matonia R.Br., Phanerosorus Copel.)

  Schizaeales Schimp.

   Schizaeaceae Kaulf. (4/approx. 190)

   subfamily Lygodioideae Christenh.6

    (Lygodium Sw.)

   subfamily Schizaeoideae Lindl.

    (Actinostachys Wallich, Schizaea Sm.)

   subfamily Anemioideae C.Presl

    (Anemia Sw.)

  Salviniales Bartl.

   Marsileaceae Mirb. (3/approx. 65)

    (Marsilea L., Pilularia L., Regnellidium Lindman)

   Salviniaceae Martinov (2/approx. 20)

    (Azolla Lam., Salvinia Ség.)

  Cyatheales A.B.Frank

   Cyatheaceae Kaulf. (approx. 14/approx. 700)

   subfamily Thyrsopteridoideae B.K.Nayar

    (Thyrsopteris Kunze)

   subfamily Loxsomatoideae Christenh.7

    (Loxsoma R.Br., Loxsomopsis Christ)

   subfamily Culcitoideae Christenh.8

    (Culcita C.Presl)

   subfamily Plagiogyrioideae Christenh.9

    [Plagiogyria (Kunze) Mett.]

   subfamily Cibotioideae Nayer

    (Cibotium Kaulf.)

   subfamily Cyatheoideae Endl.10

    (Alsophila R.Br., Cyathea Sm., Gymnosphaera Blume, Sphaeropteris Bernh.)

   subfamily Dicksonioideae Link

    [Calochlaena (Maxon) R.A.White & M.D.Turner, Dicksonia L'Hér., Lophosoria C.Presl]

   subfamily Metaxyoideae B.K.Nayar

    (Metaxya C.Presl)

  Polypodiales Link

   Cystodiaceae J.R.Croft (1/1)

    (Cystodium J.Sm.)

   Lonchitidaceae C.Presl (1/2)

    (Lonchitis L.)

   Lindsaeaceae C.Presl (6/approx. 220)

    [Lindsaea Dryander, Nesolindsaea Lehtonen & Christenh., Odontosoria Fée,

    Osmolindsaea (K.U.Kramer) Lehtonen & Christenh., Sphenomeris Maxon,

    Tapeinidium (C.Presl) C.Chr.]

   Saccolomataceae Doweld11 (2/approx. 12)

    (Orthiopteris Copel., Saccoloma Kaulf.)

   Dennstaedtiaceae Lotsy (10/approx. 240)

    [Blotiella Tryon, Dennstaedtia Bernh., Histiopteris (J.Agardh) J.Sm.,

    Hypolepis Bernh., Leptolepia Prantl, Microlepia C.Presl, Monachosorum Kunze,

    Oenotrichia Copel., Paesia St.-Hil., Pteridium Gled.]

   Pteridaceae E.D.M.Kirschn. (approx. 44/approx. 1150)

   subfamily Cryptogrammoideae S.Linds.

    (Coniogramme Fée, Cryptogramma R.Br., Llavea Lag.)

   subfamily Ceratopteridoideae R.M.Tryon

    (Acrostichum L., Ceratopteris Brongn.)

   subfamily Pteridoideae C.Chr.12

    [Actiniopteris Link, Anogramma Link, Aspleniopsis Mett.,

    Austrogramme E.Fourn., Cerosora (Baker) Domin, Cosentinia Todaro,

    Jamesonia Hook. & Grev., Nephopteris Lell., Onychium Kaulf.,

    Pityrogramma Link, Pteris L., Pterozonium Fée, Syngramma J.Sm., Taenitis Willd.]

   subfamily Cheilanthoideae W.C.Shieh13

    [Allosorus Bernh., Aspidotis (Nutt.) Copel., Bommeria E.Fourn.,

    Calciphilopteris Yesilyurt & H.Schneid., Cheilanthes Sw., Doryopteris J.Sm., Hemionitis L., Mildella Trevis., Myriopteris Fée, Notholaena R.Br.,

    Pellaea Link, Pentagramma Yatsk., Windham & E.Wollenw., Pteridella Mett. ex Kuhn]

   subfamily Vittarioideae Link

    [Adiantum L. (approx. 200), Ananthacorus Underw. & Maxon, Anetium Splitg.,

    Anthrophyum Kaulf., Haplopteris C.Presl, Hecistopteris J.Sm.,

    Monogramma Comm., Polytaenium Desv., Radiovittaria (Benedict) E.H.Crane,

    Scoliosorus T.Moore, Vittaria Sm.]

   Aspleniaceae Newman = eupolypods II14 (approx. 22/approx. 2780)

   subfamily Cystopteridoideae Ching & Z.R.Wang

    (Acystopteris Nakai, Cystoathyrium Ching, Cystopteris Bernh., Gymnocarpium Newman)

   subfamily Rhachidosoroideae M.L.Wang & Y.T.Hsieh

    (Rachidosorus Ching)

   subfamily Diplaziopsidoideae Christenh.15

    (Diplaziopsis C.Chr., Homalosorus Small)

   subfamily Asplenioideae Link

    [Asplenium L. (approx. 700), Hemidictyum C.Presl16, Hymenasplenium Hayata]

   subfamily Thelypteridoideae C.F.Reed17

    [Macrothelypteris (H.Ito) Ching, Phegopteris (C.Presl) Fée,

    Thelypteris Schmid. (approx. 1100)]

   subfamily Woodsioideae Schmakov

    (Woodsia R.Br.)

   subfamily Athyrioideae B.K.Nayar

    [Athyrium Roth (approx. 200), Cornopteris Nakai, Deparia Hook. & Grev.,

    Diplazium Sw. (approx. 350)]

   subfamily Blechnoideae Hook.

    [Blechnum L. (approx. 250), Onoclea L.18, Stenochlaena J.Sm., Woodwardia Sm.]19

   Polypodiaceae J.Presl & C.Presl = eupolypods I20 (approx. 76/approx. 4070)

   subfamily Didymochlaenoideae Christenh.21

    (Didymochlaena Desv.)

   subfamily Hypodematioideae Christenh.22

    (Hypodematium Kunze, Leucostegia C.Presl)

   subfamily Dryopteridoideae Link23

    [Adenoderris J.Sm., Arachniodes Blume (approx. 110), Arthrobotrya J.Sm., Bolbitis Schott, Coveniella Tindale, Ctenitis (C.Chr.) C.Chr, Cyclodium C.Presl, Cyrtomidictyum Ching, Dryopolystichum Copel., Dryopsis Holttum & P.J. Edwards, Dryopteris Adanson (approx. 375), Elaphoglossum Schott (approx. 750), Lastreopsis Ching, Lomagramma J.Sm., Maxonia C.Chr., Megalastrum Holttum, Mickelia R.C.Moran, Labiak & Sundue, Olfersia Raddi, Phanerophlebia C.Presl, Pleocnemia C.Presl, Polybotrya Humb. & Bonpl., Polystichopsis (J.Sm.) Holttum, Polystichum Roth (approx. 370), Pseudotectaria Tardieu, Rumohra Raddi, Stenolepia Alderw., Stigmatopteris C.Chr., Teratophyllum Mett.]

   subfamily Lomariopsidoideae Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel24

    (Cyclopeltis J.Sm., Dracoglossum Christenh., Lomariopsis Fée, Nephrolepis Schott)

   subfamily Tectarioideae B.K.Nayar25

    [Aenigmopteris Holttum, Arthropteris J.Sm., Hypoderris R.Br.,

    Pteridrys C.Chr. & Ching, Tectaria Cav. (approx. 250),

    Triplophyllum Holttum]

   subfamily Oleandroideae Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel

    (Oleandra Cav.)

   subfamily Davallioideae Hook.26

    [Davallia Sm., Davallodes (Copel.) Copel.]

   subfamily Polypodioideae B.K.Nayar

    tribe Loxogrammeae R.M.Tryon & A.F.Tryon

    [Dictymia J.Sm., Loxogramme (Blume) C.Presl]

    tribe Drynarieae Chandra27

    [Drynaria (Bory) J.Sm., Selliguea Bory (approx. 145)]

    tribe Platycerieae Christenh., trib. nov.28

    (Platycerium Desv., Pyrrosia Mirb.)

    tribe Microsoreae V.N.Tu

    [Dendroconche Copel., Goniophlebium (Blume) C.Presl, Lecanopteris Reinw.,

    Lemmaphyllum C.Presl, Lepidomicrosorium Ching & K.H.Shing, Lepisorus (J.Sm.) Ching, Leptochilus Kaulf., Microsorum Link, Neocheiropteris Christ, Neolepisorus Ching, Paragramma (Blume) T.Moore, Phymatosorus Pic.Serm., Podosorus Holttum, Thylacopteris Kunze, Tricholepidium Ching]29

    tribe Polypodieae Hook. & Lindl. ex Duby30

    [Campyloneurum C.Presl, Grammitis Sw. (approx. 700), Microgramma C.Presl,

    Pecluma M.G.Price, Phlebodium (R.Br.) J.Sm., Pleopeltis Humb. & Bonpl.,

    Pleurosoriopsis Fomin, Polypodium L. (approx. 70), Serpocaulon A.R.Sm.,

    Syngramma C.Presl]