Ivan Ivanovich Martinov (the last name also spelled Martynov, Russian: Иван Иванович Мартынов) (1771–1833 Saint Peterburg) was Russian botanist and philologist.
Ivan Ivanovich Martynov (1771, Poltava province - October 20 (November 1) 1833, St. Petersburg) - Russian philologist and botanist, translator, teacher. Member of the Russian Academy (1807), publisher of the literary magazine "Muse".
Born in 1771 in Perevolochnya, Poltava province, in the family of a priest. He studied at the Poltava Slavic Seminary (until 1788), then at the Alexander Nevsky Seminary (1788-1792). After graduating from the seminary, he was a teacher of the Greek language, then Latin grammar, poetry and rhetoric, then transferred to the office of the Foreign Affairs College. In 1796 he began to publish the Muza magazine, with which Gabriel Derzhavin, Mikhail Speransky, Lvovs, Pyotr Slovtsov and others collaborated.
In 1797 Martynov was appointed teacher of the Russian language and geography at the Smolny Institute. On behalf of Nikolai Novosiltsev and Alexander Stroganov, he made many translations. In 1803 Martynov was appointed director of the Ministry of Public Education; contributed to the establishment of the Pedagogical Institute (where he lectured on aesthetics) and many other educational institutions.
In 1804-1805, he published the journal "Northern Herald". In 1806 he wrote a censorship charter. In 1823-1829 Martynov published 26 volumes of translations of the Greek classics Sophocles, Homer, Herodotus, Pindar and others. The translation of each classic is provided with extensive historical and philological explanations. The poems were translated in prose, with the exception of Anacreon, which was rendered in white verse.
However, the most important contribution to science made by Ivan Martynov was the dictionary of botanical terminology and nomenclature published in 1820. The dictionary used Latin and Russian terminology, created on the basis of French. When his book The Techno-Botanical Dictionary was republished in 1990 and the importance of his work was recognized, taxonomy botanists Ruurd Hoogland and James Revil reported a change in the authorship of some high-rank taxa names in favor of Martynov.
He died on October 20 (November 1), 1833 with the rank of a full state councilor. He was buried at the Smolensk Orthodox cemetery (together with his daughter Nadezhda Zvenigorodskaya and son Konstantin Martynov) (the grave was lost).
